The issues of historical memory in Russo-Japanese relations

The issues of the historical past manifest themselves differently in the foreign policy mechanisms and processes of Russia and Japan. The article analyzes the role and place of the problems of the historical past in the formation of the image of the partner country in the public opinion and political leadership of the two countries. According to the author, the image of Japan in the postwar USSR was not associated with «historical grievances», as the postwar generation of Soviet people did not remember the Russian-Japanese war, and the Japanese intervention in Siberia and the Far East of 1918-1922 did not cause a negative attitude to Japan at the mass level. In addition, it was believed that Japan, suffering under the heel of Americans, had already received a cruel lesson in history. Currently, Russia’s position on the only unsolved problem of the historical past, the problem of the border line, is that it must be solved on the basis of the 1956 Declaration. However, the prospect of the transfer of the two South Kuril Islands to Japan in accordance with the terms of this Declaration is not popular among Russian citizens. As for Japan, its public opinion is dominated by a negative attitude towards Russia, largely due to the assessment of its role in the World War II as a country that committed aggressive actions against Japan and alienated from it its ancestral territories. The feeling of being a victim in this context creates a sense of psychological comfort for the Japanese and allows them to alleviate their sense of guilt in connection with Japan’s aggressive policy in Asia during the World War II. The author comes to the conclusion that Japan, aware of the risks that are fraught with a significant deterioration in relations with Russia due to the different positions of the parties on the problems of the historical past, in the future will not inflate the territorial problem and other «historical grievances», especially since the prospects for their settlement are practically not palpable.

problems of the historical past, Russian-Japanese relations, Russian-Japanese war, Japanese intervention in Siberia and the far East, territorial issue, public sentiment

1. Дружба двух площадей // Коммерсант. 31.08.2015. URL:https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2799924 (дата обращения: 05.08.2019).

2. Казаков О.И. Российско-японские отношения в 2014 году //Ежегодник Япония 2015. С. 20-35.

3. Правительство Японии окончательно объявило Южные Курилы«незаконно оккупированными» Россией// Newsru.com. 24.11.2009.URL: https://www.newsru.com/world/24nov2009/kurily.html (датаобращения: 05.08.2019).

4. Тити-но иси хикицугу абэ сюсё, хоппо рёдо акэцу-э сэйнэндзё:сэйкэн рэгаси [Премьер Абэ выполняет волю своего отца: оставитьпосле своего правления решенную проблему «северных территорий»]// Bloomberg. 21.12.2018. URL:https://www.bloomberg.co.jp/news/articles/2018-12-21/PJZAJ06JTSE801(дата обращения: 05.08.2019).

5. Хоппо ёнто ва нихон-ни кидзоку»-но кисай сакудзё, дзимин-най-дэ хихан дзокусюцу : [В ЛДП растет критика по поводу вычеркивания положения о том, что «северные территории» принадлежатЯпонии] // Асахи симбун. 10.05.2019. URL:https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASM5B557ZM5BUTFK010.html (датаобращения: 05.08.2019).

6. Чугров С.В.Образ России в Японии и образ Японии в России:Рабочая тетрадь 33/2016. М.: НП РСМД, 2016. URL: https://russiancouncil.ru/common/upload/Russia-Japan-Paper33-ru.pdf

7. Brown J.Abe’s underperforming Russia policy faces growing politicalbacklash // Eastasiaforum. 13.03.2019. URL: https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2019/03/13/abes-underperforming-russia-policy-faces-growing-political-backlash/ (дата обращения: 05.08.2019).

8. Brown J. Japan, Russia and their Territorial Dispute: The NorthernDelusion. NY: Routledge, 2016.

9. Despite agreement, Russia rejects starting talks on territorial disputedue to Putin’s flagging support rate // Japan Times. July14, 2019. URL: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/07/14/national/politics-diplomacy/despite-agreement-russia-rejects-starting-talks-territorial-dispute-due-putins-flagging-support-rate/ (дата обращения: 05.08.2019).

10. Dian M.Interpreting Japan’s contested memory: Conservative and progres sive traditions // International Relations. 2015. Vol. 29(3). P. 363-377.

11. PM Abe avoids describing Russian-held Northern Territories as inherently Japanese // The Mainichi. July2, 2019. URL:https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20190202/p2a/00m/0na/023000c(дата обращения: 05.08.2019).

12. Pollmann E.Japan’s Security and Historical Revisionism: Explainingthe Variation in Responses to and Impact of Textbook Controversies //Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs. 2016. Vol 3(3).P.307-336. DOI: 10.1177/2347797016670704.

13. Rothermund, D. The Self-consciousness of Post-imperial Nations. A Cross-national Comparison // India Quarterly. 2011. Vol. 67(1). P. 1-18. DOI: 10.1177/097492841006700101