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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">yearbookjapan</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ежегодник Япония</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Yearbook Japan</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2687-1432</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1440</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Japanologists and the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55105/2687-1440-2023-52-84-97</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">yearbookjapan-408</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Идеи об общем происхождении японцев и айнов в периоды Токугава (1603–1867) и Мэйдзи (1868–1912)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ideas About the Common Origin of the Japanese and the Ainu During the Tokugawa (1603–1867) and Meiji (1868–1912) Periods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0007-1143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щепкин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchepkin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щепкин Василий Владимирович, кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник </p><p>191186, Санкт-Петербург, Дворцовая наб., 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shchepkin Vasilii Vladimirovich, Candidate of Sciences (History), senior researcher</p><p>18, Dvortsovaya emb., St. Petersburg, 191186</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vshepkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт восточных рукописей Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>52</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щепкин В.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щепкин В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shchepkin V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.yearbookjapan.ru/jour/article/view/408">https://www.yearbookjapan.ru/jour/article/view/408</self-uri><abstract><p>На протяжении последних полутора столетий в Японии не утихает дискуссия о том, является ли она моноэтническим национальным государством или в ней живут представители и других этнических групп, отличных от японцев. В данной статье предпринята попытка рассмотреть в исторической перспективе место айнов в дискуссии японской нации, в частности, идеи об общем происхождении японцев и айнов.</p><p>Формирование представлений японцев о мире как о разделенном на народы с набором отличительных признаков относится ещё к эпохе Токугава (1603–1867). Тогда же приобретает характер этнонима и обозначавшее айнов понятие «эдзо», которое до того обозначало скорее жителей дальней периферии страны, не затронутых благотворным цивилизующим влиянием императора. В наиболее ранних описаниях айнов японские авторы продолжали опираться на китайский цивилизационный нарратив, представляя айнов как полную противоположность японцам и фиксируя внимание на отличиях. В то же время ещё в конце XVIII в. были впервые озвучены идеи об общем происхождении японцев и айнов, основанные на схожести некоторых культурных практик и общей лексике.</p><p>В период Мэйдзи (1868–1912) отношение к идее об общем происхождении японцев и айнов было двойственным. В дискуссиях о японской нации айны могли выступать в самых разных ролях: и как коренной народ, вытесненный японскими «пришельцами», и как ближайший родственник – естественный объект ассимиляции, и как составной элемент «смешанного» японского народа, и как подчиненный народ на низшей ступени иерархии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Over the past century and a half, Japan has been debating whether it is a monoethnic nation-state or whether there are representatives of ethnic groups other than the Japanese living in it. In this article, I attempt to consider in a historical perspective the place of the Ainu in the discussion about the Japanese nation, in particular the idea about the common origin of the Japanese and the Ainu.</p><p>The formation of Japanese ideas about the world as divided into peoples with a set of distinctive features dates back to the Tokugawa era (1603–1867). At the same time, the concept of “Ezo,” a name for the Ainu at that time, acquires the character of an ethnonym, which in the previous epochs rather meant the inhabitants of the country’s remote periphery, not affected by the beneficial civilizing influence of the emperor. In the earliest descriptions of the Ainu, Japanese authors continued to rely on the Chinese civilizational narrative, presenting the Ainu as the exact opposite of the Japanese and focusing on the differences. At the same time, at the end of the 18th century, ideas about the common origin of the Japanese and the Ainu were first voiced, based on the similarity of some cultural practices and common vocabulary.</p><p>During the Meiji period (1868–1912), attitudes towards the idea of the common origin of the Japanese and the Ainu were ambivalent. In discussions about the Japanese nation, the Ainu could act in a variety of roles: as an indigenous people displaced by the Japanese “invaders,” as the closest relative and therefore a natural object of assimilation, as an integral element of the “mixed” Japanese people, and as a subordinate people at the lowest level of the hierarchy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>айны</kwd><kwd>айны в Японии</kwd><kwd>происхождение японцев</kwd><kwd>этногенез японцев</kwd><kwd>японская нация</kwd><kwd>японский национализм</kwd><kwd>моноэтническая нация</kwd><kwd>многонациональная империя</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ainu</kwd><kwd>Ainu in Japan</kwd><kwd>origin of the Japanese</kwd><kwd>ethnogenesis of the Japanese</kwd><kwd>Japanese nation</kwd><kwd>Japanese nationalism</kwd><kwd>monoethnic nation</kwd><kwd>multinational empire</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hata, Awagimaru. 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